The plant life includes 250 species of shrubs, 400 species of herbs, 9 species of cane, 10 species of bamboo, 150 species of orchids, 100 species of grass and 130 species of aquatic flora. As for the the wildlife, 390 species of birds, 73 species of mammals, 76 species of snakes, and five species of amphibians have been identified so far. The historic Buxa Fort and a sacred temple - 'Mohakal' lies in the park too. In fact, the name 'Buxa Tiger Reserve' has been derived from Buxa Fort - an imposing structure that watches over the most important of the eleven land routes into Bhutan.
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